Based on your ideas on Nilsen and Tannen, discuss how language Essay

Based on your ideas on Nilsen and Tannen, discuss how language reflects patriarchy (Patriarchy) - Essay Example Besides, she manages to show that even when filling forms, women tell stories about themselves because most forms offer four titles to choose from and they include â€Å"Mr.†, â€Å"Mrs† or â€Å"Miss† and â€Å"Dr†. In her work, â€Å"Mr.† â€Å"carries no meaning other than that the respondent is male† (Tennen395); however, when women accept â€Å"Mrs.† or â€Å"Miss† it shows that they have been married and that they have conservative forms of address. Women using the label â€Å"Ms.† decline to reveal if they are married while men using the title â€Å"Mr.† decline nothing considering that nothing was asked; hence, women using â€Å"Ms.† tend to be seen â€Å"as either liberated or rebellious depending on the observer’s attitudes† (Tennen395). Tennen shows that married women surnames are marked and that if a married woman accepts her husband’s name, she acknowledges to the world that , â€Å"she is married and has traditional values† (Tennen396). ... From her dictionary cards, Nielsen shows that â€Å"feminine words have acquired sexual connotations while the masculine word retains serious business like aura† (Nielsen). For instance, she manages to show that while a callboy is an individual who calls actors when time comes for them to go to stage, a call girl is considered a prostitute. In her study, Nielsen found about 200 pairs of words that accepted both masculine and feminine forms and in nearly all of the pairs, masculine form was considered the base where a feminine suffix was added. The masculine form is basis on which compounds are made apart from one semantic area where masculine word is not the basis and the areas deals with sex, marriage and motherhood. Nielsen shows that when someone refers to a virgin, the listener probably considers a female unless the speaker specifies a masculine pronoun, which is the same case with the term prostitute. Moreover, Nielsen shows that the grammar used in writing or even talkin g about weddings show the expectation of men playing an active role when men wed women while the women become brides of men. Nevertheless, titles offered to royalty indicate that males can be at loss because of the assumption that they predominantly play a powerful role; for instance, when a female has the royal title, then the man she marries does not automatically acquire a matching title. From Nielsen’s article, it is clear that connotations between encouraging male and pessimistic female connotations can be established from various pairs of words that differ denotatively in the area of sex. For instance, patron and matron have varying degrees of esteem that womenfolk attempt to use the

How Socio-Economic Classes Contributed to Events in 1800 Europe Essay Example for Free

How Socio-Economic Classes Contributed to Events in 1800 Europe Essay Described as â€Å"the divine distribution of men into different ranks, and at the same time uniting them into one society† (Gladstone, 1896), the socio-economic class order formed the structure and foundation of society in Europe. Consisting of three distinct entities and with a strong correspondence between economic prosperity and social standing, it would also serve as the backdrop for which historical phenomena would occur. Europe’s social order was not just the environment in which these events would materialize, but also a fundamental causal factor in three notable events; The French Revolution (1789-1799), The French Revolution of 1848 and Britain’s Industrial Revolution (1750 onwards). However, the origins of these events were also contingent upon other circumstantial factors. The roots of the first French revolution, arguably, are in The Enlightenment; the period of the philosophers. New philosophies advocating human rationality came to form by the mid 1700’s and were propelled into popular thought after the isolated, and highly charged, Jean Callas incident . Philosophers like Voltaire found the perfect vehicle in this incident to question the arbitrary use of power so prevalent in French society. The monarchy and the presence of the Social Order soon came into question. Across Europe, cafes sprung out to host discussion centered on the common theme of reason. Society cleaved toward enlightened ideas of rationality, equality and liberalism, leading to the growing questioning of the existing monarchial power structure. Alternative political ideologies for the state, from personalities like Rousseau and Locke, sprouted and undermined the legitimacy of the monarchy. While The Enlightenment is responsible for creating pressure from society against the monarchy, these ideas would have been impotent without suitable ground. The socio-economic categorizing of European society is a more fundamental cause of the first French Revolution because it provided this ground. The rigidity of the social order in late 17th century France accounts for the origins of the first French revolution. In theory, the social divisions were permeable and promoted mobility (Roberts, 1997). Across Europe, titles and estates could be purchased and so also, the privilege of the nobility. However the reality was often different. In light of booming trade, the demand for titles from the French bourgeoisie and returning nobility outstripped the number permitted by the social order . Furthermore, while the bourgeoisie enjoyed increasing economic power and could live equally, if not exceedingly, extravagant lives as the nobility, the social order shut this community out from the benefits of social privilege . This was exacerbated by the nobility’s stress on privilege in response to the new Bourgeois economic threat. The system’s disregard of merit in place of hereditary, and the fundamentally irrational social construct sowed discontentment within the second and third estate, where the ideals of enlightenment; rationality and equality, would find willing subscribers. Riding on the resentment toward society’s order and fuelled by The Enlightenment’s ideas did the French Revolution tear its way through to the Bastille. While the first French revolution was understandably a social battle, one could argue that the revolution of 1848 was born out of opposition to economic factors than on society’s social construct. The time leading up to 1848 was a time of gradual industrialization for France. Its products; rapid urbanization and changes in economic practices, broke familiar social patterns of the working class. For instance, the commercial system was rewritten by doing away with the cottage industry and previously public lands, privatized. Added to this, a burgeoning population, severe industrial and agricultural depressions in 1846 and Louis-Phillipe’s inaction in alleviating rural and urban poverty culminated to create great peasant discontent. The economic change that accompanied its deterioration galvanized the working class, triggering the third French revolution in 1848; aptly, also known as a Worker’s Revolution. However, it is artificial to separate economics from social class since there is a correspondence between social hierarchy and wealth. They are, after all, aptly named â€Å"socio-economic† classes. In analyzing yet another French revolution, an important observation to make is the persistence of Europe’s social order. Though the 1830 revolution delivered another great blow to the old social order (Magraw, 1987), and promised equality in opportunity and economic liberalism manifest in the abolishment of seigneurial practices for all, much had remained the same. Succinctly captured by Cobban’s argument that ‘it [did] not matter whether we [called] it aristocracy or bourgeoisie† , the cleaving of the aristocracy and bourgeoisie shows an adaption, not an eradication of the social order. The aristocracy kept to their ranks by continuing their distinctive politics and marriage practices (Magraw, 1987). Since most engaged with capitalism, they were mostly able to maintain their privileged lifestyle and control of much of the land . The Bourgeoisie continued to thrive, especially under the â€Å"Bourgeois King† and even went as far as to convert their wealth into land ownership. This neo-feudalism masquerading as the product of laissez faire economic practices, and the continuation of aristocratic dominance came at the expense of the working class. Thus did the working class continue in their economically disadvantaged positions. Their economic dependence on the old order’s aristocracy, had merely been replaced with a dependence on remnants of the same old order and a new Bourgeois one. The social order is a more fundamental account for the workers revolution, since it was responsible for creating the economic grievances of the working class which became the fuel for the 1848 revolution. The European social order again features as a causal factor in Britain’s Industrial Revolution. It is the very hierarchical nature of the class system that functioned as the engine for the Industrial Revolution. The industrial entrepreneurs of Britain, the main thrust for the innovation that characterized the revolution, took hold of Britain’s mineral resource advantage to affect rapid development. The motivations behind entrepreneurship are traced back to the make-up of society. Since social privilege was linked with economic wealth, successful merchants strived to purchase titles and convert their wealth into social status (Briggs, 1979). In this way, the extravagance of noble life, held in high regard, could be emulated. However, it is admittedly reductionistic to exclusively use the quest for noblehood to account for an entire revolution. Coupled with the desire for social advancement were also ideas from The Enlightenment and The Scientific Revolution; laissez faire economic practices and technological advancement respectively. Society as a whole was geared toward revolutionary development, equipped with the necessary ideology and possessing the necessary scientific capability. Nonetheless, the power of science and the power of thought would have remained a means without an end if not for the existence of Europe’s social class as the motivation to individuals for conomic advancement. Furthermore, the narrow elite which feature in Europe’s social order meant that there was a prolific number from the working class available for cheap employment and indeed, were the working class called upon for this. By 1850, more than 50% of the population were living in towns and city to work in factories and city-bound industries. The abundance of cheap labor comes from the old social order’s narrow top and wide base, and it sustained and accelerated industrialization to revolutionary measures. Thus, we trace back the origins of the Industrial revolution to socio-economic classes. Social hierarchical ascension was the motivation, and the demographic make-up, the sustenance. Evidently, the causality of the three historical events covered is not monolithic. Though the contributing factors are layered and many, the role of socio-economic class is central. Its rigid, persistent and hierarchical institution shaped the motivations of humanity and in doing so, account for the origins of major events in History.

Essay --

Ghana is a country located on the west coast of Africa, the Gold Coast. Known for having the best oil reserves in the world, Ghana’s other exports such as timber, diamond, manganese, cocoa, gold, and bauxite are what feed the country’s economy. The main source of aluminum comes from the aluminum ore, Bauxite. Bauxite was first discovered by Sir Albert Kitson in the year 1914. Although found in 1914, it took 14 years for the mining of Bauxite was allowed by the British Aluminum Company, this mining took place at Awaso. The British original source of bauxite was France until they’re supply was caught off during World War II. Once again, after being given the â€Å"ok† to begin mining, it took until the 1940s, when a railroad was built connecting Awaso with a port in Takowardi, for Ghana to actually begin the mining of Bauxite.in 1974, Ghana received 55% of the British Aluminum Companies shares and in the same year, the International Bauxite Association accepted Ghana as member. The purpose of the International Bauxite Association association was to logically maintain and promote the trade and development of the bauxite industry. In 1941 the Ghana Bauxite Company began working on the mining site in Awaso and has been ever since. It is said that the site in Awaso, after all these years of mining, has reserves of Bauxite to last over 3 more decades. In other areas of Ghana including regions of Ejuanema, Nyinahin, and Kibi,, there are some reserves that are said to be capable of lasting over a century. These reserves are capable of lasting for such long periods of time due to the majority of mining that occurs at Awaso. Ghana’s first president, Kwame Nikrumah, had dreams of industrializing the country in order make forward strides toward a m... ... to the local levels? These regions suffered severely due to the degradation of air, water and the environment due to mining activities. These areas gain nothing from the mining of bauxite. Living conditions in these areas have nearly deteriorated. With all of the pollution from the mining there have been many health impacts on the societies that surround these mining areas such as skin diseases and malaria. With all of the production it would be expected that there would be many job opportunities but all of the mining generated no employment. Between 1992 and 1998 over 1,000 jobs were lost in the Tarkwa mining region. Next to farming, Mining is the most important aspect of Ghana’s foundation. Bauxite mining had huge economic and social impacts on Ghana. Although some were more negative than others, it is apparent how important the mining had been to the nation.

Rene Descartes is a Rationalist :: Rationalism vs Empiricism

There is a distinct difference between rationalism and empiricism. In fact, they are very plainly the direct opposite of each other. Rationalism is the belief in innate ideas, reason, and deduction. Empiricism is the belief in sense perception, induction, and that there are no innate ideas. With rationalism, believing in innate ideas means to have ideas before we are born.-for example, through reincarnation. Plato best explains this through his theory of the forms, which is the place where everyone goes and attains knowledge before they are taken back to the â€Å"visible world†. Innate ideas can explain why some people are just naturally better at some things than other people are- even if they have had the same experiences. Believing that reason is the main source of knowledge is another clear distinction of rationalism. Rationalists believe that the 5 senses only give you opinions, not reasons. For example, in Descartes’ wax argument, he explains how a candle has one shape to begin with- but once the candle is lit, it begins to melt, lose its fragrance, and take on a completely different shape than it had started with. This argument proves that our senses can be deceiving and that they should not be trusted. Deduction is the third characteristic of rationalism, which is to prove something with certainty rather than reason. For example, Descartes attempted to prove the existence of God through deductive reasoning in his third meditation. It went something like this: â€Å"I have an idea of a perfect substance, but I am not a perfect substance, so there is no way I could not be the cause of this idea, so there must be some formal reality which is a perfect substance- like God. Because only perfection can create perfection, and though it can also create imperfection- nothing that is imperfect can create something that is perfect. Unlike rationalists, empiricists believe that sense perception is the main source of knowledge. John Locke explained this by dividing ideas into 2 parts: 1) simple, and 2) complex. Simple ideas are based only on perception, like color, size, shape, etc. Complex ideas are formed when simple ideas are combined. Another belief of empiricists is that ideas are only acquired through experience, and not through innate ideas. Empiricists reject the concept of innate knowledge because, for example, if children had this knowledge, why do they not show it? Like why does a baby need to learn to walk or talk, why does he or she not have this knowledge at birth?

Hitchens’s Concepts of Religion and Politics Essay

One of the most controversial man, Christopher Hitchens, in his letters, â€Å"Letters to a Young Contrarian† (2001), implies that people of the contemporary society should avoid thinking other than for themselves by taking on the pathway of being a contrarian. His purpose is to help â€Å"individuals on how they think, and not what they think by making them a more independent and questioning person† (63). The letters take us through a pathway of what is means to be a contrarian. He uses great personal and current examples to explain why individuals should have a voice for their own. Two of the most important topics in which he heavily discusses about are religion and racism. Throughout Hitchens letters, he uses pathos and logos appeals to create arguments in which defy religion and racism in an effective manner. One of the most debatable topics in Hitchens’s letters is about religion.Hitchens argues his point on why he is against religion using an ethos approach. He gains credibility with the audience by mentioning, â€Å"I can speak with more experience of the Christian propaganda, since I was baptized ass an Anglican, educated at a Methodist boarding school with compulsory religious instruction and was once received into the Greek Orthodox Church for reasons that are irrelevant here.† (59) While I do agree that he has gained some credibility being that he once experienced a life of what it’s like to be a believer of God, I don’t think it makes his argument any stronger. In this way, Hitchens argue his beliefs and appealing to the audience’s emotions. â€Å"In some ways I feel sorry for racists and for religious fanatics, because they miss the point of being human, and deserve a sort of pity. But then I harden my heart, and decide to hate them all the more, because of the misery they inflict and because of the contemptible excuse they advance for doing so. It especially annoys me when racists are accused of discrimination. The ability to discriminate is a precious faculty; by judging all members of one ‘race’ to be the same, the racist precisely shows himself incapable of discrimination.† (110)

Language And Social Skills Children And Young People Essays

Language And Social Skills Children And Young People Essays Language And Social Skills Children And Young People Essay Language And Social Skills Children And Young People Essay Play is the most of import portion of the kids development. Play allows the kids to heighten their physical development, psychosocial development and cognitive development. Most parents see sketchs with their kids as a manner to assist their kid learn. I have watched many kids s telecasting plans like blue s hints, the spell show, and Dora the adventurer, to understand how these telecasting plans help in kids and babe s development. I chose the Dora the adventurer sketch show to heighten my understanding about the kid development. Dora the adventurer is an alive kids s telecasting show. Dora the adventurer show programmed to prosecute kindergartner activities in a play-along, computer-style escapade. Dora the adventurer is an illustration of physical development. Physical development focuses on the physical growing and the development of both gross motor accomplishments ( e.g. Walking, leaping ) and all right motor accomplishments ( e.g. Finger motions, oculus coordination ) control over the organic structure. Dora the adventurer on-screen character speaking with the kid encourages the kid to take portion, label objects, vocals and dance actions allow for motions with control and coordination. Dora the adventurer animated besides influences the cognitive development theory, cognitive theory is a alteration and stableness in mental ability such as acquisition, thought, and memory. The Dora the Explorer allows the kids to believe of a manner to acquire out and to acquire to their finish, so this helps kids deriving cognition and solvingA jobs in day-to-day life, which enhances their memory capableness. Television provides the kids with a valuable tool at place for great acquisition. Another theory is influences psychosocial development by Erik Erikson to acquire through the thought of personality. Watching and larning from on screen shows allow kids to derive cognition of societal acquisition ; this enhances their self-esteem, larning ab out the civilization and society and teaches them how to interact with people. Cartoons besides use looks that allow kids to copy and use in day-to-day life. Learning new looks from drama allows kids how and when to demo the emotions. These allow the kids to promote self-awareness about the universe around them. The drama is really indispensable for kid development. Reading books to immature kids is the best manner to advance linguistic communication development and linguistic communication accomplishments like speech production, reading, and listening. Book reading is good for a kid s development to derive imaginativeness. Reading books to kids at place can promote their reading accomplishments. Books should hold something like forms, short narratives, images, bright colourss that kids will happen interesting, gratifying, and merriment. This will assist develop a sense of reader grasp. When kids have books in their place, they are more likely to sit down and read them. Parents can and should promote an grasp for reading ( Elrod, n.d ) . When reading a book to kids the reader needs to maintain few things in head for best consequences. The books you choose for the kids need to be short and simple, attractive, use appropriate linguistic communication, speak clearly, easy, and utilize the look, as some kids learn verbally and some non- verbally. Re ading books to kids that influence the societal acquisition theory by Albert s bandura. In societal larning theory Albert Bandura ( 1977 ) provinces behavior is learned from the environment through the procedure of experimental acquisition. Children observe the people around them acting in assorted ways ( McLeod, 2011 ) . Children learn many different ways ; some learn rapidly by visibly, for illustration, books that got colourss, image, and forms with it and some learn verbally, for example- copying the look and words. Using assorted techniques to heighten linguistic communication development, melodies of the voice and acquiring them to turn the page that influences the theory of positive support. If imitated behaviours and effect are fulfilling so the kid is likely to execute behaviours. If parents are promoting and giving them positive feedback, so the behaviour is likely to reiterate as it provides the kid with strengths. Simply utilizing the booking reading tools at place hel ps them learn. Childs are really sensitive. We need to manage them with attention. So far, the information I have gained through the instruction of drama and linguistic communication development of babes, and kids provided me with a greater apprehension that could act upon my hereafter pattern as a wellness professional. Skills that I have gained from the cognition of reading books to kids are to make an environment that allows kids to understand their personality, which will assist kids to be more synergistic. As a wellness professional, I build a warm and unfastened environment for kids to experience secure. In order to accomplish my nursing pattern, I need to utilize or set the techniques in my pattern, and they are distractions, communicating, and instruction. Have a conversation with kids for example- about their front-runner show, inquiring inquiries with slow gait and leting them to reply and educating them for being healthy. This will heighten their apprehension while mine. The usage of dis traction techniques in my pattern can enable me to finish a hard undertaking with kids like taking medical specialty ; I can acquire the kid to move like a ace hero and be strong and inquiring them to stand directly like a strong soldier. These accomplishments can assist me to construct a trust and a relationship when I am working or managing childs. Constructing a relationship creates an environment where kids experience unafraid take hazards. In my decision, drama is a precious portion of childhood that offers kids of import developmental benefits and parents the chance to prosecute to the full with their kids . Thus Influences kids and babes physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Play allows kids to larn new things and to understand the universe around them. Reading books is another of import facet to heighten their development. Reading books to kids will assist kids derive linguistic communication accomplishments. I have gained many accomplishments that can be relevant or may act upon my nursing pattern as a wellness professional.The cognition of kids and babes about their drama and book reading. I learned many techniques that will do my nursing pattern easier when I have to measure kids and babes. Distractions, pass oning techniques are helpful in nursing pattern. Communicating with kids about their favourite shows and inquiring them inquiries. Therefore, all cognition I have gotten of the drama and book helpful.

Things Fall Apart Characters essays

Things Fall Apart Characters essays Akunna - Akunna is a clan leader of Umuofia. He and Mr. Brown discuss their religious beliefs peacefully. Neither converts the other, but they learn more about the other's faith. Mr. Brown - Mr. Brown is the first white missionary to travel to Umuofia. He institutes a policy of compromise and understanding between his flock and the clan. He does not like his flock to antagonize the clan. He even becomes friends with prominent clansmen. He builds a school and a hospital in Umuofia and urges the clan to send their children to school. He warns them that if they do not learn to read and write, strangers who can will come and overtake them. Chielo - Chielo is a priestess in Umuofia. She is dedicated to the Oracle of the goddess Agbala. In ordinary life, she is a widow with two children. She is good friends with Ekwefi and is fond of Ezinma, whom she calls "my daughter." The District Commissioner - The District Commissioner is an authority figure in the white colonial government in Nigeria. He is the typical, racist colonist who understands nothing of native African customs or cultures and has no respect for them. Ekwefi - Ekwefi is Okonkwo's second wife. He won her heart when he defeated Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest in his youth. He was too poor to pay her bride-price then. A few years later, she ran away from her first husband to live with Okonkwo. She was the village beauty in her youth. Ezinma is her only surviving child. Her first nine children died in their infancy, and Ekwefi constantly fears that she will lose Ezinma as well. Ekwefi is good friends with Chielo, the priestess of the goddess Agbala. Enoch - Enoch is a zealous convert to the Christian church in Umuofia. He rips the mask off an egwugwu during an annual ceremony to honor the earth deity. Enoch's action is equivalent to killing an ancestral spirit, so the egwugwu burn his compound and the Christian church to cleanse the village of Enoch's terrible s...